WAP 2.0 Ī re-engineered 2.0 version was released in 2002. The network entity that processes WAP Pushes and delivers them over an IP or SMS Bearer is known as a Push Proxy Gateway (PPG). Since this behaviour raises security concerns, some handsets handle WAP Push SL messages in the same way as SI, by providing user interaction. A variant, known as WAP Push SL ( Service Loading), directly opens the browser to display the WAP content, without user interaction. This is also known as WAP Push SI ( Service Indication). On receiving a WAP Push, a WAP 1.2 (or later) -enabled handset will automatically give the user the option to access the WAP content. Most GSM networks have a wide range of modified processors, but GPRS activation from the network is not generally supported, so WAP Push messages have to be delivered on top of the SMS bearer. WAP Push was specified on top of Wireless Datagram Protocol (WDP) as such, it can be delivered over any WDP-supported bearer, such as GPRS or SMS. A WAP Push is basically a specially encoded message which includes a link to a WAP address. WAP Push was incorporated into the specification to allow the WAP content to be pushed to the mobile handset with minimal user intervention. In WAP 2.0, the primary markup language is XHTML Mobile Profile. The Wireless Application Environment (WAE) space defines application-specific markup languages.įor WAP version 1.X, the primary language of the WAE is Wireless Markup Language (WML). This protocol suite allows a terminal to transmit requests that have an HTTP or HTTPS equivalent to a WAP gateway the gateway translates requests into plain HTTP. WTP supports more effectively than TCP the problem of packet loss, which occurs commonly in 2G wireless technologies in most radio conditions, but is misinterpreted by TCP as network congestion. WTP provides transaction support (reliable request/response) adapted to the wireless world. WTLS, an optional layer, provides a public-key cryptography-based security mechanism similar to TLS. On native IP bearers such as GPRS, UMTS packet-radio service, or PPP on top of a circuit-switched data connection, WDP is in fact exactly UDP. All the upper layers view WDP as one and the same protocol, which has several "technical realizations" on top of other "data bearers" such as SMS, USSD, etc. The bottom-most protocol in the suite, the Wireless Datagram Protocol (WDP), functions as an adaptation layer that makes every data network look a bit like UDP to the upper layers by providing unreliable transport of data with two 16-bit port numbers (origin and destination). The Japanese i-mode system offered another major competing wireless data protocol. īefore the introduction of WAP, mobile service providers had limited opportunities to offer interactive data services, but needed interactivity to support Internet and Web applications such as email, stock prices, news and sports headlines. Almost all modern handset internet browsers now fully support HTML, so they do not need to use WAP markup for web page compatibility, and therefore, most are no longer able to render and display pages written in WML, WAP's markup language. Introduced in 1999, WAP achieved some popularity in the early 2000s, but by the 2010s it had been largely superseded by more modern standards. A WAP browser is a web browser for mobile devices such as mobile phones that use the protocol.
Wireless Application Protocol ( WAP) is a technical standard for accessing information over a mobile wireless network. ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) JSTOR ( April 2011) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message).Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.įind sources: "Wireless Application Protocol" – news Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources.
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